Artikel saya kali ini akan sedikit menjelaskan tentang active and passive voice. Active voice describes a sentence where the subject performs the action stated by the verb, atau suatu kalimat yang subjek nya melakukan suatu tindakan yang dinyatakan oleh kata kerja (kalimat aktif). Sedangkan Passive voice describes a sentence where the subject is acted upon by the verb, atau objek menjadi sesuatu yang ditindaklanjuti oleh kata kerja (kalimat pasif).
Active voice lebih sering digunakan dalam
kehidupan sehari-hari dibandingkan dengan passive voice. Namun demikian,
sering kita temukan passive voice di surat-surat kabar, artikel-artikel
di majalah-majalah dan tulisan-tulisan ilmiah. Passive voice digunakan
karena object dari active voice merupakan informasi yang lebih penting
dibandingkan dengan subject-nya. Mungkin di dalam bahasa Indonesia kita sudah terbiasa dan hanya mengganti atau menambahkan imbuhan pada kata kerjanya. Misalnya pada kalimat aktif "Saya makan nasi" maka kalimat pasifnya berubah menjadi "Nasi dimakan oleh saya." Tetapi di bahasa Inggris, ada pola yang harus digunakan ketika menyampaikan kalimat aktif dan pasif. Pola yang digunakan harus sesuai dengan tenses kalimatnya.
Sebelum melihat teori, berikut contoh kalimatnya:
- active: Rissa hits the ball.
- passive: Ball is hit by Rissa.
Kita dapat melihat banyak perubahan yang terjadi. Di kalimat pasif, pada subjek, posisi subjek berpindah di belakang, dan objek berpindah di depan kalimat. Kemudian ada perubahan tenses pada verb.Jika pada kalimat aktif menggunakan present tense, maka kalimat pasifnya menggunakan verb3 yag sebelum kata kerjanya menggunakan "be"is. Namun, jika object dari passive voice
dianggap tidak penting atau tidak diketahui, maka object biasanya tidak
dikemukakan dan begitu pula kata ‘by’.
Khusus untuk kalimat-kalimat progressive
(present, past, past perfect, future, past future, dan past future
perfect continuous, perlu menambahkan ‘being’ di depan verb3). Kalau
tidak ditambahkan “being”, tensisnya akan berubah, bukan
progressive/continuous lagi. Perhatikan contoh-contoh pada poin h – o di
bawah.
Berdasarkan penjelasan diatas maka passive voice mengikuti pola sebagai berikut:
Subject + be + Verb3 + by + Object + modifier
Pola active dan passive voice pada tiap tenses
- Jika active voice dalam simple present tense, maka passive voice-nya adalah is, am atau are+v3.
Contoh:
Active : He meets her everyday.
Passive : She is met by him everyday.
Active : Mother waters this plant every morning.
Passive : This plant is watered by her every morning.
- Jika active voice dalam simple past tense, maka passive voice-nya adalah was atau were+v3
Contoh:
Active : He met her yesterday.
Passive : She was met by him yesterday
Active : Mother watered this plant last morning
Passive : This plant was watered by her last morning
- Jika active voice dalam present perfect tense, maka passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary has atau have, sehingga menjadi ‘has been’ atau ‘have been’
Contoh:
Active : He has met her
Passive : She has been met by him
Active : Mother has watered this plant for 15 minutes.
Passive : This plant has been watered by her for 15 minutes.
- Jika active voice dalam past perfect tense, maka passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary had, sehingga menjadi had been
Contoh:
Active : He had met her before I came.
Passive : She had been met by him before I came.
Active : Mother had watered this plant for 15 minutes when I got here
Passive : This plant had been watered by her for 15 minutes when I got here
- Jika active voice dalam simple future tense, maka passive voice-nya adalah be
Contoh:
Active : He will meet her tomorrow.
Passive : She will be met by him tomorrow.
Active : Mother will water this plant this afternoon.
Passive : This plant will be watered by her this afternoon.
- Jika active voice dalam future perfect tense, maka passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary will have, sehingga menjadi ‘will have been’
Contoh:
Active : He will have met her before I get there tomorrow.
Passive : She will have been met by him before I get there tomorrow.
Active : Mother will have watered this plant before I get here this afternoon.
Passive : This plant will have been watered by her before I get here this afternoon.
- Jika active voice dalam past future perfect tense, maka passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary would have, sehingga menjadi ‘would have been’.
Contoh:
Active : He would have met her.
Passive : She would have been met by him.
Active : Mother would have watered this plant.
Passive : This plant would have been watered by her.
- Jika active voice dalam present continuous tense, maka passive voice-nya adalah (is, am atau are) + being.
Contoh:
Active : He is meeting her now.
Passive : She is being met by him now.
Active : Mother is watering this plant now.
Passive : This plant is being watered by her now.
- Jika active voice dalam past continuous tense, maka passive voice-nya adalah (was atau were) + being.
Contoh:
Active : He was meeting her.
Passive : She was being met by him.
Active : Mother was watering this plant.
Passive : This plant was being watered by her.
- Jika active voice dalam perfect continuous tense, maka passive voice-nya adalah (has/have) been + being.
Contoh:
Active : He has been meeting her.
Passive : She has been being met by him.
Active : Mother has been watering this plant.
Passive : This plant has been being watered by her.
- Jika active voice dalam past perfect continuous tense, maka passive voice-nya adalah had been + being.
Contoh:
Active : He had been meeting her.
Passive : She had been being met by him.
Active : Mother had been watering this plant.
Passive : This plant had been being watered by her.
- Jika active voice dalam future continuous tense, maka passive voice-nya adalah will be + being.
Contoh:
Active : He will be meeting her.
Passive : She will be being met by him.
Active : Mother will be watering this plant.
Passive : This plant will be being watered by her.
- Jika active voice dalam past future continuous tense, maka passive voice-nya adalah would be + being.
Contoh:
Active : He would be meeting her.
Passive : She would be being met by him.
Active : Mother would be watering this plant.
Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.
- Jika active voice dalam future perfect continuous tense, maka passive voice-nya adalah will have been + being.
Contoh:
Active : He will have been meeting her.
Passive : She will have been being met by him.
Active : Mother will have been watering this plant.
Passive : This plant will have been being watered by her.
- Jika active voice dalam past future perfect continuous tense, maka passive voice-nya adalah would have been + being.
Contoh:
Active : He would be meeting her.
Passive : She would be being met by him.
Active : Mother would be watering this plant.
Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.
Terimakasih, semoga membantu :)
sumber: http://grammar.yourdictionary.com
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